Atomic Properties of Zr
- Atomic Number of Zr
- 40
- Atomic Mass of Zr
- 91.2240 u
- Electron Configuration
- [Kr] 4d2 5s2
- Electronegativity
- 1.33
- Block
- d-block
- Group
- 4
- Period
- 5
Zirconium (Zr) is element 40 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Zr: 91.2240 u. Zr is in period 5, group 4. Melting point of Zr: 2128.00 K.Density of Zr: 6.52 g/cm³.
Zirconium in everyday life and industry
Zirconium has no known biological role in humans. The body absorbs very little zirconium from food or water. Some people develop skin sensitivity to zirconium in antiperspirants.
Discovered by Martin Klaproth in Germany, 1789
Name origin: From the mineral, zircon.
Grey-white metallic transition element. Five natural isotopes and six radioactive isotopes are known. Used in nuclear reactors for a Neutron absorber. Discovered in 1789 by Martin Klaproth, isolated in 1824 by Berzelius.
Zirconium has 5 naturally occurring isotopes.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9040Zr (Zr-90)Zirconium-90 isotope | 89.9046977 | 51.45% | — | — |
| 9140Zr (Zr-91)Zirconium-91 isotope | 90.9056396 | 11.22% | — | — |
| 9240Zr (Zr-92)Zirconium-92 isotope | 91.9050347 | 17.15% | — | — |
| 9440Zr (Zr-94)Zirconium-94 isotope | 93.9063108 | 17.38% | — | — |
| 9640Zr (Zr-96)Zirconium-96 isotope | 95.9082714 | 2.800% | — | — |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Zirconium have important real-world applications in science and industry.
Zirconium enriched in 90Zr has been proposed for the cladding (covering) of reactor fuel elements (Fig. IUPAC.40.1) because it has a lower neutron absorption cross section than natural abundances of zirconium and is well suited for coverage of metal parts without absorbing neutrons [307].
Used in alloys such as zircaloy which is used in nuclear applications since it does not readily absorb neutrons. Also baddeleyite is used in lab crucibles. Used in high-performance pumps and valves. Clear zircon (ZrSiO4) is a popular gemstone.
Found in many minerals such as zircon and baddeleyite.
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