Atomic Properties of Hg
- Atomic Number of Hg
- 80
- Atomic Mass of Hg
- 200.5900 u
- Electron Configuration
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
- Electronegativity
- 2.00
- Block
- d-block
- Group
- 12
- Period
- 6
Mercury (Hg) is element 80 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Hg: 200.5900 u. Hg is in period 6, group 12. Melting point of Hg: 234.32 K.Density of Hg: 13.53 g/cm³.
The only metal that's liquid at room temperature—beautiful but deadly
No biological role. Highly toxic to nervous system. Bioaccumulates in fish as methylmercury. Crosses blood-brain barrier.
Discovered by Known to the ancients.,
Name origin: From the Roman god Mercury; symbol from Latin: hydrargyrus (liquid silver).
The symbol Hg comes from "Hydrargyrum," Latin for "liquid silver" (from Greek "hydor" = water + "argyros" = silver). The English name "Mercury" refers to the Roman god known for speed, reflecting the liquid metal's mobility.
Heavy silvery liquid metallic element, belongs to the zinc group. Used in thermometers, barometers and other scientific apparatus. Less reactive than zinc and cadmium, does not displace hydrogen from acids. Forms a number of complexes and organomercury compounds.
Mercury has 7 naturally occurring isotopes.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19680Hg (Hg-196)Mercury-196 isotope | 195.9658326 | 0.1500% | — | — |
| 19880Hg (Hg-198)Mercury-198 isotope | 197.9667686 | 9.970% | — | — |
| 19980Hg (Hg-199)Mercury-199 isotope | 198.9682806 | 16.87% | — | — |
| 20080Hg (Hg-200)Mercury-200 isotope | 199.9683266 | 23.10% | — | — |
| 20180Hg (Hg-201)Mercury-201 isotope | 200.9703028 | 13.18% | — | — |
| 20280Hg (Hg-202)Mercury-202 isotope | 201.9706434 | 29.86% | — | — |
| 20480Hg (Hg-204)Mercury-204 isotope | 203.973494 | 6.870% | — | — |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Mercury have important real-world applications in science and industry.
Mercury isotope ratios are used as environmental tracers to identify sources of mercury pollution and track atmospheric mercury deposition. Mass-independent fractionation of mercury isotopes provides unique signatures for different mercury sources.
197Hg was historically used in brain and kidney scanning before being replaced by safer radiopharmaceuticals. 203Hg has been used in research for studying mercury distribution in biological systems.
Used in thermometers, barometers, and batteries. Also used in electrical switches and mercury-vapor lighting products.
Virtually all mercury comes from cinnabar or mercury sulfide (HgS). Some sources of red cinnabar are so rich in mercury that droplets of elemental mercury can be found in random samples.
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