Periodic Table

Lutetium

Lanthanide

Quick Facts about Lutetium

Yb
  • solid- state of matter at room temperature
  • Stable- has at least one stable isotope
  • +3- common oxidation states in compounds
  • HEX- crystal structure, atomic arrangement in solid form
Hf

Lutetium (Lu) is element 71 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Lu: 174.9700 u. Lu is in period 6. Melting point of Lu: 1925.00 K.Density of Lu: 9.84 g/cm³.

Why Lutetium Matters

Lutetium in everyday life and industry

In Your Home

  • If you've had a PET scan, LYSO crystals detected the gamma rays

Industry Uses

Medical ImagingLYSO/LSO crystals are the gold standard for PET scanner detectors
Cancer TherapyLu-177 Pluvicto treats metastatic prostate cancer; Lutathera treats neuroendocrine tumors
GeoscienceLu-Hf dating traces Earth's earliest crust formation and mantle evolution

In Your Body

✗ Not essential

Lutetium has no known biological role. Lu-177 is used in targeted cancer therapy. Lutetium-based drugs treat certain cancers.

Safety: Low toxicity

Discovery of Lutetium

Discovered by Georges Urbain in France, 1907

Name origin: Named for the ancient name of Paris, Lutecia.

History & Events

1907
Named after Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris
1907
Discovered independently by Georges Urbain, Carl Auer von Welsbach, and Charles James in 1907
1907
Last naturally occurring lanthanide to be discovered
1907
Called 'cassiopeium' in Germany for decades

About Lutetium

Silvery-white rare-earth metal which is relatively stable in air. It happens to be the most expensive rare-earth metal. Its found with almost all rare-earth metals, but is very difficult to separate from other elements. Least abundant of all natural elements. Used in metal alloys, and as a catalyst in various processes. There are two natural, stable isotopes, and seven radioisotopes, the most stable being Lu-174 with a half-life of 3.3 years. The separation of lutetium from Ytterbium was described by Georges Urbain in 1907. It was discovered at approximately the same time by Carl Auer von Welsbach. The name comes from the Greek word lutetia which means Paris.

Atomic Properties of Lu

Atomic Number of Lu
71
Atomic Mass of Lu
174.9700 u
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
Electronegativity
1.27
Block
d-block
Group
Period
6

Physical Properties of Lu

Phase (STP)
solid
Melting Point of Lu
1925.00 K
Boiling Point of Lu
3675.00 K
Density of Lu
9.8410 g/cm3

Thermal Properties

Heat of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol
Specific Heat
0.15 J/g·K
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K

Atomic Radii

Calculated
175 pm
Covalent
162 pm
Van der Waals
224 pm

Common Misconceptions

Wrong:Lutetium has no practical applications due to its rarity and cost.
Correct:LYSO crystals are essential for PET scanners worldwide. Lu-177 cancer drugs (Pluvicto, Lutathera) are FDA-approved and increasingly common.
Wrong:Lutetium is universally called 'lutetium'.
Correct:Germany called it 'cassiopeium' (Cp) for decades. The naming dispute lasted until IUPAC settled on lutetium in 1949.
Wrong:Lu-176 is stable like most naturally occurring isotopes.
Correct:Lu-176 undergoes β- decay (t1/2 ~37.6 billion years) to Hf-176. This decay is the basis of Lu-Hf geochronology for dating ancient rocks.

Isotopes of Lutetium

Lutetium has 1 naturally occurring isotope, plus 2 notable radioactive isotopes.

IsotopeAtomic Mass (u)AbundanceHalf-LifeDecay Mode
17571Lu (Lu-175)Lutetium-175 isotope174.940775297.40%
17671Lu (Lu-176)Lutetium-176 isotope175.94268972.599%3.76×10¹⁰ yearsβ⁻
17771Lu (Lu-177)Lutetium-177 isotope176.94376150%6.65 daysβ⁻

Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)

Isotope Applications

Isotopes of Lutetium have important real-world applications in science and industry.

Medical Applications

177Lu (with a half-life of 160 h) has potential for use as an isotope for radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of small, soft tumors and for imaging purposes (Fig. IUPAC.71.1) [501].

Abundance

Earth's Crust
800.00 μg/kg
Seawater
1.50×10-7 mg/L

Uses

LYSO (Lu2SiO5:Ce) crystals are the gold standard for PET scanner detectors. Lu-177 cancer therapy (Pluvicto/Lutathera) targets prostate and neuroendocrine tumors. Lu-Hf dating uses Lu-176's decay to date ancient rocks.

Sources

Found with ytterbium in gadolinite and xenotime. Usually obtained from monazite sand which is often 50% rare earth by weight and 0.003% lutetium.

Geochemistry

Goldschmidt
litophile
Geochemical Class
rare earth & related

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