Atomic Properties of Nd
- Atomic Number of Nd
- 60
- Atomic Mass of Nd
- 144.2400 u
- Electron Configuration
- [Xe] 4f4 6s2
- Electronegativity
- 1.14
- Block
- f-block
- Group
- —
- Period
- 6
Neodymium (Nd) is element 60 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Nd: 144.2400 u. Nd is in period 6. Melting point of Nd: 1297.00 K.Density of Nd: 7.01 g/cm³.
Neodymium in everyday life and industry
Neodymium has no known biological role. Dust may cause lung issues if inhaled.
Discovered by C.F. Aver von Welsbach in Austria, 1925
Name origin: Greek: neos and didymos (new twin).
Soft, bright silvery lanthanide. Seven natural isotopes—Nd-144 is the only radioactive one (α decay, t1/2 ~2.3×1015 years, used in Sm-Nd geochronology). Reactive in air. Colors glass violet-purple (dichroic). Critical component of Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets—the strongest available. Discovered 1885 by Carl Auer von Welsbach, separating didymium into Pr and Nd ('new twin').
Neodymium has 6 naturally occurring isotopes, plus 2 notable radioactive isotopes.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14060Nd (Nd-140)Neodymium-140 isotope | 139.90955 | 0% | 3.37 days | EC, β⁺ |
| 14260Nd (Nd-142)Neodymium-142 isotope | 141.907729 | 27.15% | — | — |
| 14360Nd (Nd-143)Neodymium-143 isotope | 142.90982 | 12.17% | — | — |
| 14460Nd (Nd-144)Neodymium-144 isotope | 143.910093 | 23.80% | 2.29×10¹⁵ years | α |
| 14560Nd (Nd-145)Neodymium-145 isotope | 144.9125793 | 8.293% | — | — |
| 14660Nd (Nd-146)Neodymium-146 isotope | 145.9131226 | 17.19% | — | — |
| 14860Nd (Nd-148)Neodymium-148 isotope | 147.9168993 | 5.756% | — | — |
| 15060Nd (Nd-150)Neodymium-150 isotope | 149.9209022 | 5.638% | — | — |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Neodymium have important real-world applications in science and industry.
143Nd is a radiogenic isotope produced by decay of 147Sm, with a half-life of 1.06×1011 years. Thus, the isotope-amount ratio n(143Nd)/n(144Nd) can be used for dating rocks on long time scales and as a chemical tracer in geochemistry (Fig. IUPAC.60.1) [427], [428]. The very small accumulation of 142Nd in billion-year-old metamorphosed rocks from Greenland [from the relatively short-lived (about 68×106 years) alpha decay of 146Sm] provided evidence that the crust of the Earth formed before the young planet was more than 100×106 years old. This is because only a short amount of time could have elapse to incorporate the 146Sm parent radionuclide into the ancient Greenland minerals before it decayed [429], [430].
Used in making artificial ruby for lasers. Also in ceramics and for a special lens with praseodymium. Also to produce bright purple glass and special glass that filters infrared radiation. Makes up 18% of Misch metal, which is used in making steel.
Made from electrolysis of its halide salts, which are made from monazite sand.
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