Atomic Properties of Tm
- Atomic Number of Tm
- 69
- Atomic Mass of Tm
- 168.9300 u
- Electron Configuration
- [Xe] 4f13 6s2
- Electronegativity
- 1.25
- Block
- f-block
- Group
- —
- Period
- 6
Thulium (Tm) is element 69 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Tm: 168.9300 u. Tm is in period 6. Melting point of Tm: 1818.00 K.Density of Tm: 9.32 g/cm³.
Thulium in everyday life and industry
Thulium has no known biological role. Thulium-170 is used in portable radiography. No biological function known.
Discovered by Per Theodor Cleve in Sweden, 1879
Name origin: From Thule ancient name of Scandinavia.
Rarest naturally occurring lanthanide (after radioactive Pm). Only one stable isotope: Tm-169. Tm-170 (t1/2 128 days) emits X-rays ideal for portable radiography. Tm-doped fiber lasers operate at 2 µm—'eye-safe' wavelength useful for surgery and lidar. Named for Thule, the mythical northern land. Discovered 1879 by Cleve.
Thulium has 1 naturally occurring isotope, plus 2 notable radioactive isotopes.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16769Tm (Tm-167)Thulium-167 isotope | 166.93286 | 0% | 9.25 days | EC |
| 16969Tm (Tm-169)Thulium-169 isotope | 168.9342179 | 100.00% | — | — |
| 17069Tm (Tm-170)Thulium-170 isotope | 169.93583 | 0% | 128.6 days | β⁻/EC |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Thulium have important real-world applications in science and industry.
170Tm (with a half-life of about 130 days) is used in the petrochemical industry for industrial radiography to test welds in pipes and tanks [486].
167Tm (with a half-life of 9.2 days) is useful for tumor and bone studies [487]. Stable 169Tm can be bombarded in a nuclear reactor to create 170Tm, via the 169Tm (n, γ) 170Tm reaction, which emits X-rays and has been used in portable X-ray equipment as a radiation source [488]. 170Tm has been used in high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy [489] and for use in radiosynovectomy of medium sized joints (Fig. IUPAC.69.1) [490].
Radioactive thulium is used to power portable x-ray machines, eliminating the need for electrical equipment.
Found with other rare earths in the minerals gadolinite, euxenite, xenotime, and monazite. Monazite is often 50% rare earth by weight and 0.007% thulium.
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