Atomic Properties of Ga
- Atomic Number of Ga
- 31
- Atomic Mass of Ga
- 69.7230 u
- Electron Configuration
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
- Electronegativity
- 1.81
- Block
- p-block
- Group
- 13
- Period
- 4
Gallium (Ga) is element 31 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Ga: 69.7230 u. Ga is in period 4, group 13. Melting point of Ga: 302.91 K.Density of Ga: 5.91 g/cm³.
Gallium in everyday life and industry
Gallium has no known biological role. Gallium-67 is used in medical imaging for cancer and infection. Gallium citrate can fight certain antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Discovered by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in France, 1875
Name origin: Latin: Gallia (France).
Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to group 13 of the periodic table. The two stable isotopes are Ga-69 and Ga-71. Eight radioactive isotopes are known, all having short half-lives. Gallium Arsenide is used as a semiconductor. Corrodes most other metals by diffusing into their lattice. First identified by Francois Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875.
Gallium has 2 naturally occurring isotopes, plus 2 notable radioactive isotopes.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6731Ga (Ga-67)Gallium-67 isotope | 66.9282017 | 0% | 3.26 days | EC |
| 6831Ga (Ga-68)Gallium-68 isotope | 67.9279801 | 0% | 67.7 minutes | β⁺, EC |
| 6931Ga (Ga-69)Gallium-69 isotope | 68.9255735 | 60.11% | — | — |
| 7131Ga (Ga-71)Gallium-71 isotope | 70.92470258 | 39.89% | — | — |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Gallium have important real-world applications in science and industry.
68Ga (with a half-life of 68 min) is a radioactive isotope that emits positrons, which are used to produce high-resolution imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). Unlike 18F, which is most commonly used, 68Ga is more easily produced using a cost-effective generator with the parent radionuclide 68Ge (with a half-life of 271 days) (Fig. IUPAC.31.1). Once produced, 68Ga easily couples to biomolecules (most commonly peptides) that target G-protein coupled receptors, which are over-expressed on human tumor cells. The labeled protein acts as a radioactive tracer for cancer diagnostics. PET images are often coupled with CT images to get a more complete picture of the body [256], [257], [258], [259], [260], [261], [262]. Radiopharmaceutical 67Ga (with a half-life of 78 h) is a gamma-emitting isotope used in scintigraphy for medical imaging [263], [264], [265].
Used in semiconductor production. It us used in making LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and GaAs laser diodes.
Found throughout the crust in minerals like bauxite, germanite and coal.
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