Atomic Properties of Ge
- Atomic Number of Ge
- 32
- Atomic Mass of Ge
- 72.6300 u
- Electron Configuration
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
- Electronegativity
- 2.01
- Block
- p-block
- Group
- 14
- Period
- 4
Germanium (Ge) is element 32 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Ge: 72.6300 u. Ge is in period 4, group 14. Melting point of Ge: 1211.40 K.Density of Ge: 5.32 g/cm³.
Germanium in everyday life and industry
Germanium has no proven essential biological role. Germanium supplements are marketed but not scientifically proven beneficial.
Discovered by Clemens Winkler in Germany, 1886
Name origin: Latin: Germania (Germany).
Lustrous hard metalloid element, belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Forms a large number of organometallic compounds. Predicted by Mendeleev in 1871, it was actually found in 1886 by Winkler.
Germanium has 5 naturally occurring isotopes, plus 1 notable radioactive isotope.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6832Ge (Ge-68)Germanium-68 isotope | 67.928094 | 0% | 270.95 days | EC |
| 7032Ge (Ge-70)Germanium-70 isotope | 69.92424875 | 20.57% | — | — |
| 7232Ge (Ge-72)Germanium-72 isotope | 71.92207583 | 27.45% | — | — |
| 7332Ge (Ge-73)Germanium-73 isotope | 72.92345896 | 7.750% | — | — |
| 7432Ge (Ge-74)Germanium-74 isotope | 73.92117776 | 36.50% | — | — |
| 7632Ge (Ge-76)Germanium-76 isotope | 75.92140273 | 7.730% | — | — |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Germanium have important real-world applications in science and industry.
68Ge is used to calibrate positron emission tomography (PET) scanners, which have been used for medical diagnostic procedures [268].
Widely used in semiconductors. It is a good semiconductor when combined with tiny amounts of phosphorus, arsenic, gallium, and antimony.
Obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead.
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