Atomic Properties of Se
- Atomic Number of Se
- 34
- Atomic Mass of Se
- 78.9710 u
- Electron Configuration
- [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
- Electronegativity
- 2.55
- Block
- p-block
- Group
- 16
- Period
- 4
Selenium (Se) is element 34 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Se: 78.9710 u. Se is in period 4, group 16. Melting point of Se: 494.00 K.Density of Se: 4.81 g/cm³.
Selenium in everyday life and industry
Selenium is essential for humans in trace amounts Brazil nuts are extremely high in selenium Both deficiency and excess selenium cause health problems
Discovered by Jöns Berzelius in Sweden, 1818
Name origin: Greek: selênê (moon).
Metalloid element, belongs to group 16 of the periodic table. Multiple allotropic forms exist. Chemically resembles sulphur. Discovered in 1817 by Jons J. Berzelius.
Selenium exists in 3 different structural forms (allotropes), each with unique properties.
Most stable form, metallic gray crystals
Crystalline red form
Amorphous glassy form
Selenium has 6 naturally occurring isotopes, plus 1 notable radioactive isotope.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7434Se (Se-74)Selenium-74 isotope | 73.92247593 | 0.8900% | — | — |
| 7534Se (Se-75)Selenium-75 isotope | 74.9225234 | 0% | 119.8 days | EC |
| 7634Se (Se-76)Selenium-76 isotope | 75.9192137 | 9.370% | — | — |
| 7734Se (Se-77)Selenium-77 isotope | 76.91991415 | 7.630% | — | — |
| 7834Se (Se-78)Selenium-78 isotope | 77.91730928 | 23.77% | — | — |
| 8034Se (Se-80)Selenium-80 isotope | 79.9165218 | 49.61% | — | — |
| 8234Se (Se-82)Selenium-82 isotope | 81.9166995 | 8.730% | — | — |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Selenium have important real-world applications in science and industry.
75Se (with a half-life of 120 days) is used for X-ray radiography of welds to visualize welds and ensure that each weld is appropriate for its purpose [274].
75Se-selenomethionine (organic compound that combines to form proteins, found in Brazil nuts and soybeans) has been used to study the production of digestive enzymes (biological catalysts that accelerates chemical reactions) [275]. Selenium stable isotopes are used in metabolic studies to monitor selenium intake and output [276], [277].
Light causes it to conduct electricity more easily. It is used in photoelectric cells, TV cameras, xerography machines and as a semiconductor in solar batteries and rectifiers. Also colors glass red.
Obtained from lead, copper and nickel refining. Conducts electricity when struck by light.
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