Atomic Properties of N
- Atomic Number of N
- 7
- Atomic Mass of N
- 14.0070 u
- Electron Configuration
- [He] 2s2 2p3
- Electronegativity
- 3.04
- Block
- p-block
- Group
- 15
- Period
- 2
Nitrogen (N) is element 7 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of N: 14.0070 u. N is in period 2, group 15. Melting point of N: 63.15 K.Density of N: 0.00 g/cm³.
The invisible majority—78% of every breath you take is nitrogen
Essential component of amino acids, proteins, and DNA. Makes up 3% of human body mass. Plants need 'fixed' nitrogen (ammonia/nitrates) from soil bacteria or fertilizers.
Discovered by Daniel Rutherford in Scotland, 1772
Name origin: Greek: nitron and genes, (soda forming).
Colorless, gaseous element which belongs to group 15 of the periodic table. Constitutes ~78% of the atmosphere and is an essential part of the ecosystem. Nitrogen for industrial purposes is acquired by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Chemically inactive, reactive generally only at high temperatures or in electrical discharges. It was discovered in 1772 by D. Rutherford.
Nitrogen exists in 2 different structural forms (allotropes), each with unique properties.
Stable diatomic gas making up 78% of atmosphere
Unstable azide radical
Nitrogen has 2 naturally occurring isotopes, plus 1 notable radioactive isotope.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 137N (N-13)Nitrogen-13 isotope | 13.00573861 | 0% | 9.97 minutes | β⁺ |
| 147N (N-14)Nitrogen-14 isotope | 14.003074 | 99.64% | — | — |
| 157N (N-15)Nitrogen-15 isotope | 15.0001089 | 0.3640% | — | — |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Nitrogen have important real-world applications in science and industry.
15N is widely used as a stable isotope tracer in agricultural research to study nitrogen fixation, fertilizer uptake, and nitrogen cycling in ecosystems. It is also essential in NMR spectroscopy for studying protein structure and dynamics.
13N is used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to study blood flow and metabolism, particularly in cardiac imaging. Its short half-life (10 minutes) requires on-site production via cyclotron.
Primarily to produce ammonia and other fertilizers. Also used in making nitric acid, which is used in explosives. Also used in welding and enhanced oil recovery.
Obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation.
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