Periodic Table

Rutherfordium

Transition Metal

Quick Facts about Rutherfordium

Lr
  • solid- state of matter at room temperature
  • Radioactive- no stable isotopes exist
  • +4- common oxidation states in compounds
Db

Rutherfordium (Rf) is element 104 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Rf: 267.0000 u. Rf is in period 7, group 4. Melting point of Rf: 2400.00 K.Density of Rf: 23.20 g/cm³.

Why Rutherfordium Matters

Rutherfordium in everyday life and industry

In Your Home

  • No commercial applications exist
  • Used only in research on superheavy elements
  • Helps understand transactinide chemistry
  • Only atoms have been produced, not bulk material

In Your Body

✗ Not essential

No biological studies possible. Half-lives too short for any biological role.

Safety: Rutherfordium is radioactive. Would presumably be toxic.

Discovery of Rutherfordium

Discovered by A. Ghiorso, et al in United States, 1969

Name origin: Named in honor of Ernest Rutherford

History & Events

1964
Named after Ernest Rutherford
1964
Discovery disputed between Soviet (Dubna) and American (Berkeley) teams
1964
First transactinide element (beyond the actinides)
1997
IUPAC confirmed the name in 1997

About Rutherfordium

Radioactive transactinide element. Expected to have similar chemical properties to those displayed by hafnium. Rf-260 was discovered by the Joint Nuclear Research Institute at Dubna (U.S.S.R.) in 1964. Researchers at Berkeley discovered Unq-257 and Unq-258 in 1964.

Atomic Properties of Rf

Atomic Number of Rf
104
Atomic Mass of Rf
267.0000 u
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
Electronegativity
Block
d-block
Group
4
Period
7

Physical Properties of Rf

Phase (STP)
solid
Melting Point of Rf
2400.00 K
Boiling Point of Rf
5800.00 K
Density of Rf
23.2000 g/cm3

Atomic Radii

Covalent
157 pm

Common Misconceptions

Wrong:Ernest Rutherford was British.
Correct:Rutherford was from New Zealand, though he did most of his famous work in Britain and Canada.
Wrong:The name 'rutherfordium' was immediately accepted.
Correct:The naming dispute lasted decades—Soviets called it 'kurchatovium' until IUPAC settled on rutherfordium in 1997.
Wrong:Rutherfordium's chemistry is completely unknown.
Correct:Limited studies confirm Rf behaves like hafnium (group 4), though relativistic effects alter some properties.

Isotopes of Rutherfordium

Rutherfordium has 0 naturally occurring isotopes, plus 1 notable radioactive isotope.

IsotopeAtomic Mass (u)AbundanceHalf-LifeDecay Mode
267104Rf (Rf-267)Rutherfordium-267 isotope267.12179

Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)

Uses

It has no significant commercial applications.

Sources

Made by bombarding californium-249 with beams of carbon-12 and 13, which produced an isotope with half lives of 4+ and 3 sec.

Geochemistry

Goldschmidt
synthetic

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