Periodic Table

Rubidium

Alkali Metal

Quick Facts about Rubidium

Kr
  • solid- state of matter at room temperature
  • Stable- has at least one stable isotope
  • +1- common oxidation states in compounds
  • BCC- crystal structure, atomic arrangement in solid form
Sr

Rubidium (Rb) is element 37 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of Rb: 85.4680 u. Rb is in period 5, group 1. Melting point of Rb: 312.45 K.Density of Rb: 1.53 g/cm³.

Why Rubidium Matters

Rubidium in everyday life and industry

In Your Home

  • Specialty glass and ceramics contain rubidium
  • Photoelectric cells may use rubidium

Industry Uses

Atomic clocksAtomic clocks use rubidium for GPS satellites
Medical imagingMedical imaging uses rubidium-82 for heart scans

In Your Body

✗ Not essential

Rubidium has no known essential biological role. Behaves similarly to potassium in the body. Can substitute for potassium in cells. Rubidium-82 PET scans assess heart blood flow.

Safety: No significant toxicity data for Rubidium.

Discovery of Rubidium

Discovered by R. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff in Germany, 1861

Name origin: Latin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames.

History & Events

1861
Named from Latin 'rubidus' meaning deep red
1861
Discovered by Bunsen and Kirchhoff in 1861 via spectroscopy
1861
One of the first elements discovered by spectroscopy
1861
Named for the red lines in its spectrum

About Rubidium

Soft silvery metallic element, belongs to group 1 of the periodic table. Rb-97, the naturally occurring isotope, is radioactive. It is highly reactive, with properties similar to other elements in group 1, like igniting spontaneously in air. Discovered spectroscopically in 1861 by W. Bunsen and G.R. Kirchoff.

Atomic Properties of Rb

Atomic Number of Rb
37
Atomic Mass of Rb
85.4680 u
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1
Electronegativity
0.82
Block
s-block
Group
1
Period
5

Physical Properties of Rb

Phase (STP)
solid
Melting Point of Rb
312.45 K
Boiling Point of Rb
961.00 K
Density of Rb
1.5320 g/cm3

Thermal Properties

Heat of Fusion
2.20 kJ/mol
Heat of Vaporization
75.80 kJ/mol
Specific Heat
0.36 J/g·K
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K

Atomic Radii

Calculated
235 pm
Covalent
210 pm
Van der Waals
303 pm
Metallic
216 pm

Common Misconceptions

Wrong:Rubidium is red.
Correct:The name refers to its spectral lines
Wrong:Rubidium is rare.
Correct:It's more abundant than copper
Wrong:GPS satellites is all use rubidium.
Correct:Some use cesium clocks

Isotopes of Rubidium

Rubidium has 2 naturally occurring isotopes, plus 1 notable radioactive isotope.

IsotopeAtomic Mass (u)AbundanceHalf-LifeDecay Mode
8237Rb (Rb-82)Rubidium-82 isotope81.91820860%1.27 minutesβ⁺, EC
8537Rb (Rb-85)Rubidium-85 isotope84.9117897472.17%
8737Rb (Rb-87)Rubidium-87 isotope86.9091805327.83%

Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)

Isotope Applications

Isotopes of Rubidium have important real-world applications in science and industry.

Geochronology & Dating

87Rb (with a half-life of 4.97×1010 years) is a long-lived radioisotope that is transformed into 87Sr by emission of a beta-minus particle (an electron) and an antineutrino. From the abundance of 87Sr and the Rb/Sr amount ratio in a rock, its age of crystallization can be calculated. Rb/Sr dating is one of the most widely employed techniques for dating geological samples [292].

Medical Applications

82Rb (with a half-life of 75 s) acts similarly to potassium and is used for imaging of the heart to better assess heart muscle function as a radioactive analog to potassium [293], [294]. 82Rb is being considered as an alternative to highly-enriched uranium for producing medically important radioisotopes [293].

Abundance

Earth's Crust
90.0 mg/kg
Seawater
120.00 μg/kg

Uses

Used as a catalyst, photocells, and vacuum and cathode-ray tubes.

Sources

Occurs abundantly, but so widespread that production is limited. Usually obtained from lithium production.

Geochemistry

Goldschmidt
litophile
Geochemical Class
alkali metal

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