Atomic Properties of At
- Atomic Number of At
- 85
- Atomic Mass of At
- 210.0000 u
- Electron Configuration
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5
- Electronegativity
- 2.20
- Block
- p-block
- Group
- 17
- Period
- 6
Astatine (At) is element 85 on the periodic table. Atomic mass of At: 210.0000 u. At is in period 6, group 17. Melting point of At: 575.00 K.Density of At: 7.00 g/cm³.
The rarest naturally occurring element—only ~25 grams exist on Earth
No biological role. At-211 shows promise for cancer treatment—it concentrates in the thyroid like iodine. Too little has been produced to fully study biological effects. Alpha particles are effective at killing cancer cells.
Discovered by D.R.Corson, K.R.MacKenzie, E.Segré in United States, 1940
Name origin: Greek: astatos (unstable).
Radioactive halogen element. Occurs naturally from uranium and thorium decay. At least 20 known isotopes. At-210, the most stable, has a half-life of 8.3 hours. Synthesized by nuclear bombardment in 1940 by D.R. Corson, K.R. MacKenzie and E. Segre at the University of California.
Astatine has 0 naturally occurring isotopes, plus 2 notable radioactive isotopes.
| Isotope | Atomic Mass (u) | Abundance | Half-Life | Decay Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21085At (At-210)Astatine-210 isotope | 209.9871479 | — | 8.1 hours | EC, α |
| 21185At (At-211)Astatine-211 isotope | 210.9874966 | — | 7.2 hours | EC, α |
Data source: NIH PubChem (aggregated from IUPAC, NIST)
Isotopes of Astatine have important real-world applications in science and industry.
211At (with a half-life of 7.2 h) is known to accumulate in the thyroid and occasionally is the preferred treatment for hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer because the particles emitted from 211At provide more energy than radiolabeled iodine, the other treatment method (Fig. IUPAC.85.1). However, astatine has shown a tendency to induce tumors, so its use is limited [565]. The 211At-labeled di-carborane (cluster of boron, carbon, and hydrogen atoms) ligand known as the Venus Flytrap Cluster (VFC) has been used as a robust pharmaceutical in radiotherapy treatment [566].
Since its isotopes have such short half-lives there are no commercially significant compounds of astatine.
Does not occur in nature. Similar to iodine. Produced by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles.
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