[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":582},["ShallowReactive",2],{"reference-solubility-product-constants":3},{"table":4},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"shortTitle":8,"category":9,"description":10,"metaDescription":11,"columns":12,"rows":30,"entryCount":550,"source":551,"notes":555,"relatedTopics":560,"relatedElements":565,"seoKeywords":574},13,"solubility-product-constants","Solubility Product Constants (Ksp) at 25 °C","Ksp Values","Equilibrium","Solubility product constants (Ksp) at 25 °C for 100 sparingly soluble ionic compounds, grouped by metal, each with its dissolution equilibrium. Use Ksp with the dissolution stoichiometry to compute molar solubility, predict precipitation with Q vs Ksp, and analyze common-ion and complex-ion effects.","Ksp table at 25 °C: solubility product constants for 100 sparingly soluble salts — silver halides, carbonates, hydroxides, sulfates, phosphates — with dissolution equations for solubility calculations.",[13,17,21,24,27],{"key":14,"label":15,"type":16},"formula","Formula","chem",{"key":18,"label":19,"type":20},"name","Name","text",{"key":22,"label":23,"type":16},"Ksp","Ksp (25 °C)",{"key":25,"label":26,"type":16},"dissolution","Dissolution Equilibrium",{"key":28,"label":29,"type":20},"category","Metal",[31,37,43,48,53,58,63,68,73,78,84,89,94,100,105,110,116,121,126,131,136,141,146,152,158,163,168,173,178,184,189,194,199,204,209,214,219,225,230,235,240,246,251,256,261,266,271,276,281,286,291,297,301,306,311,316,322,327,332,338,343,348,353,358,363,368,373,378,384,389,394,399,405,410,415,421,426,431,436,441,446,451,456,461,466,471,477,482,487,492,497,502,508,513,518,523,529,534,539,545],{"formula":32,"name":33,"Ksp":34,"dissolution":35,"category":36},"Al(OH)₃","Aluminum hydroxide","4.6 × 10⁻³³","Al(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Al³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)","Aluminum",{"formula":38,"name":39,"Ksp":40,"dissolution":41,"category":42},"Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O","Barium hydroxide octahydrate","5.0 × 10⁻³","Ba(OH)₂·8H₂O(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq) + 8 H₂O(l)","Barium",{"formula":44,"name":45,"Ksp":46,"dissolution":47,"category":42},"Ba₃(AsO₄)₂","Barium arsenate","1.1 × 10⁻¹³","Ba₃(AsO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3 Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 AsO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":49,"name":50,"Ksp":51,"dissolution":52,"category":42},"Ba₃(PO₄)₂","Barium phosphate","6 × 10⁻³⁹","Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3 Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":54,"name":55,"Ksp":56,"dissolution":57,"category":42},"BaC₂O₄·2H₂O","Barium oxalate dihydrate","1.1 × 10⁻⁷","BaC₂O₄·2H₂O(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq) + 2 H₂O(l)",{"formula":59,"name":60,"Ksp":61,"dissolution":62,"category":42},"BaCO₃","Barium carbonate","1.6 × 10⁻⁹","BaCO₃(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":64,"name":65,"Ksp":66,"dissolution":67,"category":42},"BaCrO₄","Barium chromate","8.5 × 10⁻¹¹","BaCrO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":69,"name":70,"Ksp":71,"dissolution":72,"category":42},"BaF₂","Barium fluoride","2.4 × 10⁻⁵","BaF₂(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":74,"name":75,"Ksp":76,"dissolution":77,"category":42},"BaSO₄","Barium sulfate","1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰","BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":79,"name":80,"Ksp":81,"dissolution":82,"category":83},"Bi₂S₃","Bismuth sulfide","1 × 10⁻⁹⁷","Bi₂S₃(s) ⇌ 2 Bi³⁺(aq) + 3 S²⁻(aq)","Bismuth",{"formula":85,"name":86,"Ksp":87,"dissolution":88,"category":83},"BiO(OH)","Bismuthyl hydroxide","4 × 10⁻¹⁰","BiO(OH)(s) ⇌ BiO⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":90,"name":91,"Ksp":92,"dissolution":93,"category":83},"BiOCl","Bismuthyl chloride","1.8 × 10⁻³¹","BiOCl(s) ⇌ BiO⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":95,"name":96,"Ksp":97,"dissolution":98,"category":99},"Cd(OH)₂","Cadmium hydroxide","5.9 × 10⁻¹⁵","Cd(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Cd²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Cadmium",{"formula":101,"name":102,"Ksp":103,"dissolution":104,"category":99},"CdCO₃","Cadmium carbonate","5.2 × 10⁻¹²","CdCO₃(s) ⇌ Cd²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":106,"name":107,"Ksp":108,"dissolution":109,"category":99},"CdS","Cadmium sulfide","1.0 × 10⁻²⁸","CdS(s) ⇌ Cd²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":111,"name":112,"Ksp":113,"dissolution":114,"category":115},"Ca(OH)₂","Calcium hydroxide","1.3 × 10⁻⁶","Ca(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Calcium",{"formula":117,"name":118,"Ksp":119,"dissolution":120,"category":115},"Ca₃(PO₄)₂","Calcium phosphate","1.3 × 10⁻³²","Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3 Ca²⁺(aq) + 2 PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":122,"name":123,"Ksp":124,"dissolution":125,"category":115},"CaC₂O₄·H₂O","Calcium oxalate monohydrate","1.96 × 10⁻⁹","CaC₂O₄·H₂O(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l)",{"formula":127,"name":128,"Ksp":129,"dissolution":130,"category":115},"CaCO₃","Calcium carbonate","3.8 × 10⁻⁹","CaCO₃(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":132,"name":133,"Ksp":134,"dissolution":135,"category":115},"CaF₂","Calcium fluoride","3.9 × 10⁻¹¹","CaF₂(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":137,"name":138,"Ksp":139,"dissolution":140,"category":115},"CaHPO₄","Calcium hydrogen phosphate","7 × 10⁻⁷","CaHPO₄(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + HPO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":142,"name":143,"Ksp":144,"dissolution":145,"category":115},"CaSO₄·2H₂O","Calcium sulfate dihydrate","6.1 × 10⁻⁵","CaSO₄·2H₂O(s) ⇌ Ca²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) + 2 H₂O(l)",{"formula":147,"name":148,"Ksp":149,"dissolution":150,"category":151},"Cr(OH)₃","Chromium(III) hydroxide","6.7 × 10⁻³¹","Cr(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Cr³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)","Chromium",{"formula":153,"name":154,"Ksp":155,"dissolution":156,"category":157},"Co(OH)₂","Cobalt(II) hydroxide","2.5 × 10⁻¹⁶","Co(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Co²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Cobalt",{"formula":159,"name":160,"Ksp":161,"dissolution":162,"category":157},"Co(OH)₃","Cobalt(III) hydroxide","2.5 × 10⁻⁴³","Co(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Co³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":164,"name":165,"Ksp":166,"dissolution":167,"category":157},"CoCO₃","Cobalt(II) carbonate","1.4 × 10⁻¹³","CoCO₃(s) ⇌ Co²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":169,"name":170,"Ksp":171,"dissolution":172,"category":157},"CoS(α)","Cobalt(II) sulfide (alpha form)","5 × 10⁻²²","CoS(α)(s) ⇌ Co²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":174,"name":175,"Ksp":176,"dissolution":177,"category":157},"CoS(β)","Cobalt(II) sulfide (beta form)","3 × 10⁻²⁶","CoS(β)(s) ⇌ Co²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":179,"name":180,"Ksp":181,"dissolution":182,"category":183},"Cu(OH)₂","Copper(II) hydroxide","2.2 × 10⁻²⁰","Cu(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Cu²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Copper",{"formula":185,"name":186,"Ksp":187,"dissolution":188,"category":183},"Cu₂S","Copper(I) sulfide","2.5 × 10⁻⁴⁸","Cu₂S(s) ⇌ 2 Cu⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":190,"name":191,"Ksp":192,"dissolution":193,"category":183},"CuBr","Copper(I) bromide","6.27 × 10⁻⁹","CuBr(s) ⇌ Cu⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq)",{"formula":195,"name":196,"Ksp":197,"dissolution":198,"category":183},"CuCl","Copper(I) chloride","1.2 × 10⁻⁶","CuCl(s) ⇌ Cu⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":200,"name":201,"Ksp":202,"dissolution":203,"category":183},"CuCO₃","Copper(II) carbonate","2.5 × 10⁻¹⁰","CuCO₃(s) ⇌ Cu²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":205,"name":206,"Ksp":207,"dissolution":208,"category":183},"CuI","Copper(I) iodide","1.27 × 10⁻¹²","CuI(s) ⇌ Cu⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq)",{"formula":210,"name":211,"Ksp":212,"dissolution":213,"category":183},"CuS","Copper(II) sulfide","8.5 × 10⁻⁴⁵","CuS(s) ⇌ Cu²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":215,"name":216,"Ksp":217,"dissolution":218,"category":183},"CuSCN","Copper(I) thiocyanate","1.6 × 10⁻¹¹","CuSCN(s) ⇌ Cu⁺(aq) + SCN⁻(aq)",{"formula":220,"name":221,"Ksp":222,"dissolution":223,"category":224},"Fe(OH)₂","Iron(II) hydroxide","8 × 10⁻¹⁶","Fe(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Fe²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Iron",{"formula":226,"name":227,"Ksp":228,"dissolution":229,"category":224},"Fe(OH)₃","Iron(III) hydroxide","4 × 10⁻³⁸","Fe(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Fe³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":231,"name":232,"Ksp":233,"dissolution":234,"category":224},"FeCO₃","Iron(II) carbonate","2.1 × 10⁻¹¹","FeCO₃(s) ⇌ Fe²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":236,"name":237,"Ksp":238,"dissolution":239,"category":224},"FeS","Iron(II) sulfide","3.7 × 10⁻¹⁹","FeS(s) ⇌ Fe²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":241,"name":242,"Ksp":243,"dissolution":244,"category":245},"Pb(OH)₂","Lead(II) hydroxide","1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵","Pb(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Lead",{"formula":247,"name":248,"Ksp":249,"dissolution":250,"category":245},"Pb₃(PO₄)₂","Lead(II) phosphate","1 × 10⁻⁵⁴","Pb₃(PO₄)₂(s) ⇌ 3 Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":252,"name":253,"Ksp":254,"dissolution":255,"category":245},"PbBr₂","Lead(II) bromide","4.6 × 10⁻⁶","PbBr₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq)",{"formula":257,"name":258,"Ksp":259,"dissolution":260,"category":245},"PbCl₂","Lead(II) chloride","1.6 × 10⁻⁵","PbCl₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":262,"name":263,"Ksp":264,"dissolution":265,"category":245},"PbCO₃","Lead(II) carbonate","1.5 × 10⁻¹⁵","PbCO₃(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":267,"name":268,"Ksp":269,"dissolution":270,"category":245},"PbCrO₄","Lead(II) chromate","2 × 10⁻¹⁶","PbCrO₄(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":272,"name":273,"Ksp":274,"dissolution":275,"category":245},"PbF₂","Lead(II) fluoride","4 × 10⁻⁸","PbF₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":277,"name":278,"Ksp":279,"dissolution":280,"category":245},"PbI₂","Lead(II) iodide","1.4 × 10⁻⁸","PbI₂(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 I⁻(aq)",{"formula":282,"name":283,"Ksp":284,"dissolution":285,"category":245},"PbS","Lead(II) sulfide","7 × 10⁻²⁹","PbS(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":287,"name":288,"Ksp":289,"dissolution":290,"category":245},"PbSO₄","Lead(II) sulfate","1.3 × 10⁻⁸","PbSO₄(s) ⇌ Pb²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":292,"name":293,"Ksp":294,"dissolution":295,"category":296},"Mg(OH)₂","Magnesium hydroxide","8.9 × 10⁻¹²","Mg(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Magnesium",{"formula":298,"name":299,"Ksp":139,"dissolution":300,"category":296},"MgC₂O₄","Magnesium oxalate","MgC₂O₄(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":302,"name":303,"Ksp":304,"dissolution":305,"category":296},"MgCO₃·3H₂O","Magnesium carbonate trihydrate","≈ 1 × 10⁻⁵","MgCO₃·3H₂O(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq) + 3 H₂O(l)",{"formula":307,"name":308,"Ksp":309,"dissolution":310,"category":296},"MgF₂","Magnesium fluoride","6.4 × 10⁻⁹","MgF₂(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":312,"name":313,"Ksp":314,"dissolution":315,"category":296},"MgNH₄PO₄","Magnesium ammonium phosphate","3 × 10⁻¹³","MgNH₄PO₄(s) ⇌ Mg²⁺(aq) + NH₄⁺(aq) + PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":317,"name":318,"Ksp":319,"dissolution":320,"category":321},"Mn(OH)₂","Manganese(II) hydroxide","2 × 10⁻¹³","Mn(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Mn²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Manganese",{"formula":323,"name":324,"Ksp":325,"dissolution":326,"category":321},"MnCO₃","Manganese(II) carbonate","1.8 × 10⁻¹¹","MnCO₃(s) ⇌ Mn²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":328,"name":329,"Ksp":330,"dissolution":331,"category":321},"MnS","Manganese(II) sulfide","2.3 × 10⁻¹³","MnS(s) ⇌ Mn²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":333,"name":334,"Ksp":335,"dissolution":336,"category":337},"Hg₂Br₂","Mercury(I) bromide","1.3 × 10⁻²²","Hg₂Br₂(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq)","Mercury",{"formula":339,"name":340,"Ksp":341,"dissolution":342,"category":337},"Hg₂Cl₂","Mercury(I) chloride","1.1 × 10⁻¹⁸","Hg₂Cl₂(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2 Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":344,"name":345,"Ksp":346,"dissolution":347,"category":337},"Hg₂CO₃","Mercury(I) carbonate","9 × 10⁻¹⁵","Hg₂CO₃(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":349,"name":350,"Ksp":351,"dissolution":352,"category":337},"Hg₂CrO₄","Mercury(I) chromate","2 × 10⁻⁹","Hg₂CrO₄(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":354,"name":355,"Ksp":356,"dissolution":357,"category":337},"Hg₂I₂","Mercury(I) iodide","4.5 × 10⁻²⁹","Hg₂I₂(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2 I⁻(aq)",{"formula":359,"name":360,"Ksp":361,"dissolution":362,"category":337},"Hg₂O·H₂O","Mercury(I) oxide monohydrate","3.6 × 10⁻²⁶","Hg₂O·H₂O(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":364,"name":365,"Ksp":366,"dissolution":367,"category":337},"Hg₂S","Mercury(I) sulfide","1.0 × 10⁻⁴⁷","Hg₂S(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":369,"name":370,"Ksp":371,"dissolution":372,"category":337},"Hg₂SO₄","Mercury(I) sulfate","7.4 × 10⁻⁷","Hg₂SO₄(s) ⇌ Hg₂²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":374,"name":375,"Ksp":376,"dissolution":377,"category":337},"HgS","Mercury(II) sulfide","1.6 × 10⁻⁵⁴","HgS(s) ⇌ Hg²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":379,"name":380,"Ksp":381,"dissolution":382,"category":383},"Ni(OH)₂","Nickel(II) hydroxide","2 × 10⁻¹⁵","Ni(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Ni²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Nickel",{"formula":385,"name":386,"Ksp":387,"dissolution":388,"category":383},"NiCO₃","Nickel(II) carbonate","1.4 × 10⁻⁷","NiCO₃(s) ⇌ Ni²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":390,"name":391,"Ksp":392,"dissolution":393,"category":383},"NiS(α)","Nickel(II) sulfide (alpha form)","4 × 10⁻²⁰","NiS(α)(s) ⇌ Ni²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":395,"name":396,"Ksp":397,"dissolution":398,"category":383},"NiS(β)","Nickel(II) sulfide (beta form)","1.3 × 10⁻²⁵","NiS(β)(s) ⇌ Ni²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":400,"name":401,"Ksp":402,"dissolution":403,"category":404},"K₂PtCl₆","Potassium hexachloroplatinate(IV)","7.48 × 10⁻⁶","K₂PtCl₆(s) ⇌ 2 K⁺(aq) + PtCl₆²⁻(aq)","Potassium",{"formula":406,"name":407,"Ksp":408,"dissolution":409,"category":404},"KClO₄","Potassium perchlorate","1.05 × 10⁻²","KClO₄(s) ⇌ K⁺(aq) + ClO₄⁻(aq)",{"formula":411,"name":412,"Ksp":413,"dissolution":414,"category":404},"KHC₄H₄O₆","Potassium hydrogen tartrate","3 × 10⁻⁴","KHC₄H₄O₆(s) ⇌ K⁺(aq) + HC₄H₄O₆⁻(aq)",{"formula":416,"name":417,"Ksp":418,"dissolution":419,"category":420},"Ag₂CO₃","Silver carbonate","8.1 × 10⁻¹²","Ag₂CO₃(s) ⇌ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)","Silver",{"formula":422,"name":423,"Ksp":424,"dissolution":425,"category":420},"Ag₂CrO₄","Silver chromate","9.0 × 10⁻¹²","Ag₂CrO₄(s) ⇌ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":427,"name":428,"Ksp":429,"dissolution":430,"category":420},"Ag₂S","Silver sulfide","1.6 × 10⁻⁴⁹","Ag₂S(s) ⇌ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":432,"name":433,"Ksp":434,"dissolution":435,"category":420},"Ag₂SO₄","Silver sulfate","1.2 × 10⁻⁵","Ag₂SO₄(s) ⇌ 2 Ag⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":437,"name":438,"Ksp":439,"dissolution":440,"category":420},"Ag₃PO₄","Silver phosphate","1.77 × 10⁻¹⁸","Ag₃PO₄(s) ⇌ 3 Ag⁺(aq) + PO₄³⁻(aq)",{"formula":442,"name":443,"Ksp":444,"dissolution":445,"category":420},"Ag₄Fe(CN)₆","Silver ferrocyanide","1.55 × 10⁻⁴¹","Ag₄Fe(CN)₆(s) ⇌ 4 Ag⁺(aq) + [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻(aq)",{"formula":447,"name":448,"Ksp":449,"dissolution":450,"category":420},"AgBr","Silver bromide","5.0 × 10⁻¹³","AgBr(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + Br⁻(aq)",{"formula":452,"name":453,"Ksp":454,"dissolution":455,"category":420},"AgCl","Silver chloride","1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰","AgCl(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":457,"name":458,"Ksp":459,"dissolution":460,"category":420},"AgCN","Silver cyanide","1.2 × 10⁻¹⁶","AgCN(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq)",{"formula":462,"name":463,"Ksp":464,"dissolution":465,"category":420},"AgI","Silver iodide","8.3 × 10⁻¹⁷","AgI(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq)",{"formula":467,"name":468,"Ksp":469,"dissolution":470,"category":420},"AgSCN","Silver thiocyanate","1.0 × 10⁻¹²","AgSCN(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + SCN⁻(aq)",{"formula":472,"name":473,"Ksp":474,"dissolution":475,"category":476},"Sr(OH)₂·8H₂O","Strontium hydroxide octahydrate","3.2 × 10⁻⁴","Sr(OH)₂·8H₂O(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq) + 8 H₂O(l)","Strontium",{"formula":478,"name":479,"Ksp":480,"dissolution":481,"category":476},"SrC₂O₄·H₂O","Strontium oxalate monohydrate","4 × 10⁻⁷","SrC₂O₄·H₂O(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + C₂O₄²⁻(aq) + H₂O(l)",{"formula":483,"name":484,"Ksp":485,"dissolution":486,"category":476},"SrCO₃","Strontium carbonate","7 × 10⁻¹⁰","SrCO₃(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",{"formula":488,"name":489,"Ksp":490,"dissolution":491,"category":476},"SrCrO₄","Strontium chromate","3.6 × 10⁻⁵","SrCrO₄(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + CrO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":493,"name":494,"Ksp":495,"dissolution":496,"category":476},"SrF₂","Strontium fluoride","2.5 × 10⁻⁹","SrF₂(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)",{"formula":498,"name":499,"Ksp":500,"dissolution":501,"category":476},"SrSO₄","Strontium sulfate","3.2 × 10⁻⁷","SrSO₄(s) ⇌ Sr²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)",{"formula":503,"name":504,"Ksp":505,"dissolution":506,"category":507},"Tl(OH)₃","Thallium(III) hydroxide","6.3 × 10⁻⁴⁶","Tl(OH)₃(s) ⇌ Tl³⁺(aq) + 3 OH⁻(aq)","Thallium",{"formula":509,"name":510,"Ksp":511,"dissolution":512,"category":507},"Tl₂S","Thallium(I) sulfide","6 × 10⁻²²","Tl₂S(s) ⇌ 2 Tl⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":514,"name":515,"Ksp":516,"dissolution":517,"category":507},"TlCl","Thallium(I) chloride","1.7 × 10⁻⁴","TlCl(s) ⇌ Tl⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)",{"formula":519,"name":520,"Ksp":521,"dissolution":522,"category":507},"TlSCN","Thallium(I) thiocyanate","1.6 × 10⁻⁴","TlSCN(s) ⇌ Tl⁺(aq) + SCN⁻(aq)",{"formula":524,"name":525,"Ksp":526,"dissolution":527,"category":528},"Sn(OH)₂","Tin(II) hydroxide","3 × 10⁻²⁷","Sn(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Sn²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Tin",{"formula":530,"name":531,"Ksp":532,"dissolution":533,"category":528},"Sn(OH)₄","Tin(IV) hydroxide","1.0 × 10⁻⁵⁷","Sn(OH)₄(s) ⇌ Sn⁴⁺(aq) + 4 OH⁻(aq)",{"formula":535,"name":536,"Ksp":537,"dissolution":538,"category":528},"SnS","Tin(II) sulfide","1 × 10⁻²⁶","SnS(s) ⇌ Sn²⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq)",{"formula":540,"name":541,"Ksp":542,"dissolution":543,"category":544},"Zn(OH)₂","Zinc hydroxide","1.2 × 10⁻¹⁷","Zn(OH)₂(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + 2 OH⁻(aq)","Zinc",{"formula":546,"name":547,"Ksp":548,"dissolution":549,"category":544},"ZnCO₃","Zinc carbonate","2 × 10⁻¹⁰","ZnCO₃(s) ⇌ Zn²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)",100,{"label":552,"url":553,"license":554},"OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Appendix J — Solubility Products (85 of 100 entries; 15 course-curated values take precedence where they differ)","https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/j-solubility-products","CC BY 4.0",[556,557,558,559],"All values at 25 °C (298.15 K). Solubility products span an enormous range — compare orders of magnitude, not digits.","A smaller Ksp does NOT always mean a lower molar solubility: the dissolution stoichiometry (1:1 vs 1:2 vs 2:3 salts) enters the calculation, so always solve through the equilibrium expression.","Fifteen entries carry course-curated values used consistently across ChemWhiz problems; the remainder follow the attributed source.","Ksp applies to saturated solutions of sparingly soluble compounds; freely soluble salts (most nitrates, alkali salts) are not tabulated.",[561,562,563,564],"solubility-and-complex-ion-equilibria","chemical-reactions-in-solution","electrochemistry","entropy-and-free-energy",[566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573],"Ag","Ba","Ca","Cu","Fe","Pb","Mg","Zn",[575,576,577,578,579,580,581],"Ksp table","solubility product constants","Ksp values 25 C","molar solubility","precipitation Q vs Ksp","silver chloride Ksp","calcium carbonate Ksp",1785108608450]