[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":182},["ShallowReactive",2],{"cheatsheet-naming-compounds":3},{"sheet":4},{"sheetSlug":5,"topicSlugs":6,"primaryTopic":8,"title":9,"subtitle":10,"sections":11},"naming-compounds",[7],"chemical-nomenclature",4,"Chemical Nomenclature","Naming ionic and molecular compounds, acids, and hydrates, plus the common polyatomic ions.",[12,24,33,103,111,133,141,149,157,165,173],{"heading":13,"kind":14,"items":15},"Ionic or molecular?","rules",[16],{"ref":17,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":22,"source_hash":23},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":19,"field":18},"rule","NOM-R001","transform","original","Metal + nonmetal (or polyatomic ion): ionic. Only nonmetals: usually covalent, and many are molecular (SiO₂ is network-covalent). Heuristic, not a law: NH₄Cl is ionic with no metal.","e9384afa82b27db9de8b3c3a050693050cfe912257a2e5bd433d7df62b34fc43",{"heading":25,"kind":26,"items":27},"Common ion charges","data",[28],{"ref":29,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":31,"source_hash":32},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":30,"field":18},"NOM-R004","Group 1 → +1 · Group 2 → +2 · Al → +3 · N, P → −3 · O, S → −2 · F, Cl, Br, I → −1. Introductory patterns, not universal oxidation states.","1a4281efda5429861ce53e04d13c3b1d26aa9d522af33f8fd467d9aa6934e5b2",{"heading":34,"kind":26,"columns":35,"items":39},"Common polyatomic ions",[36,37,38],"Name","Formula","Charge",[40],{"ref":41,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"rows":43,"source_hash":102},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":42,"field":18},"NOM-R006",[44,48,52,55,58,62,65,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99],[45,46,47],"ammonium","NH₄⁺","+1",[49,50,51],"hydroxide","OH⁻","−1",[53,54,51],"nitrate","NO₃⁻",[56,57,51],"nitrite","NO₂⁻",[59,60,61],"sulfate","SO₄²⁻","−2",[63,64,61],"sulfite","SO₃²⁻",[66,67,68],"phosphate","PO₄³⁻","−3",[70,71,68],"phosphite","PO₃³⁻",[73,74,61],"carbonate","CO₃²⁻",[76,77,51],"hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)","HCO₃⁻",[79,80,51],"acetate","CH₃COO⁻",[82,83,51],"permanganate","MnO₄⁻",[85,86,61],"chromate","CrO₄²⁻",[88,89,61],"dichromate","Cr₂O₇²⁻",[91,92,51],"cyanide","CN⁻",[94,95,51],"hydrogen sulfate","HSO₄⁻",[97,98,61],"hydrogen phosphate","HPO₄²⁻",[100,101,51],"dihydrogen phosphate","H₂PO₄⁻","08b1bd233fedd99a27f54c4339af81a2d67891418455c43706bba440820e2f26",{"heading":104,"kind":26,"items":105},"Oxoanion series (most O to least O)",[106],{"ref":107,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":109,"source_hash":110},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":108,"field":18},"NOM-R005","per-…-ate (most O) › -ate › -ite › hypo-…-ite (least O). Chlorine: ClO₄⁻ perchlorate, ClO₃⁻ chlorate, ClO₂⁻ chlorite, ClO⁻ hypochlorite.","0d94ba3cd80892a77ecffba98811c86814a2a0d04ea9ce001541708f092d9644",{"heading":112,"kind":113,"items":114},"Naming ionic compounds","steps",[115,120,123,128],{"ref":116,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":118,"source_hash":119},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":117,"field":18},"NOM-R002","Binary (two elements): cation name (unchanged) + anion root + -ide. Never use Greek prefixes on ionic names.","eb23d8dfa43598db24a59949f9b8240c2add2878c97f6ff9e6a2fafbe3fd7833",{"ref":121,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":122,"source_hash":102},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":42,"field":18},"With a polyatomic ion, use its name from the table unchanged (Na₂SO₄ = sodium sulfate; NH₄NO₃ = ammonium nitrate).",{"ref":124,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":126,"source_hash":127},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":125,"field":18},"NOM-R003","Balance charge: pick coprime subscripts x, y so x·|cation| = y·|anion|, then reduce to lowest terms. Wrap a polyatomic ion in parentheses when its subscript is > 1.","f2abc17dcfa908fee41e3ff621bbc96c7276c33ccfa69c5f3b41d57458af99c4",{"ref":129,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":131,"source_hash":132},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":130,"field":18},"NOM-R012","Formula: cation first, then anion; integer subscripts; reduce to lowest terms (CaO, not Ca₂O₂).","c478e1b47714c46b17bdc94ba7ae01fb9635dab5cdab006f19099a9c55925a65",{"heading":134,"kind":14,"items":135},"Metals with more than one charge: Stock system",[136],{"ref":137,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":139,"source_hash":140},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":138,"field":18},"NOM-R011","Append a Roman numeral in parentheses (the charge) right after the metal name, no space: Fe²⁺ iron(II), Fe³⁺ iron(III), Cu⁺ copper(I), Cu²⁺ copper(II).","ef0f8b8631dac93a42b94b7db686456cddf0bfe3c3b91e487498c5d6c884ff1a",{"heading":142,"kind":14,"items":143},"Naming molecular (covalent) compounds",[144],{"ref":145,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":147,"source_hash":148},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":146,"field":18},"NOM-R008","Name = prefix + first element + prefix + second-element root + -ide. Drop mono- on the first element. Elide vowel clashes: monoxide, tetroxide, pentoxide.","d777c545c6a87c69aefeb4dd24f19a6b7a4370e456d61ac1fa4b30b71f9154e2",{"heading":150,"kind":26,"items":151},"Greek prefixes",[152],{"ref":153,"mode":155,"provenance":21,"text":156},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":154,"field":18},"NOM-R007","verbatim","Greek numerical prefixes: mono- (1), di- (2), tri- (3), tetra- (4), penta- (5), hexa- (6), hepta- (7), octa- (8), nona- (9), deca- (10). Additional for hydrates: dodeca- (12).",{"heading":158,"kind":14,"items":159},"Naming acids (aqueous)",[160],{"ref":161,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":163,"source_hash":164},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":162,"field":18},"NOM-R009","No oxygen (hydroacid): hydro-\u003Croot>-ic acid (HCl(aq) → hydrochloric acid). From an -ate anion: -ic acid (NO₃⁻ → HNO₃ nitric acid). From an -ite anion: -ous acid (NO₂⁻ → HNO₂ nitrous acid). Extend with per-…-ic and hypo-…-ous.","a85f71452a7b39c80142fef0f3e3a68648953e97780c8a24a5afabb9a5542ba7",{"heading":166,"kind":14,"items":167},"Hydrates",[168],{"ref":169,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":171,"source_hash":172},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":170,"field":18},"NOM-R010","Formula: \u003Canhydrous salt> · n H₂O. Name: \u003Csalt name> \u003CGreek-prefix>hydrate, where the prefix is n (CuSO₄·5H₂O = copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate).","4601425ed41d2d189b59d16ec6a6787c3cc8e26ffeac65675d130d36e361bbb5",{"heading":174,"kind":175,"items":176},"Common mistakes","pitfalls",[177],{"ref":178,"mode":20,"provenance":21,"text":180,"source_hash":181},{"type":18,"topic":8,"id":179,"field":18},"NOM-R013","Charges must balance (NaCl₂ is net −1, invalid). No Greek prefixes on ionic names. Stock uses Roman numerals in parentheses, not iron 3 or iron(3). Never use hydro- on an oxyacid.","ccc39d2963bf7ed25158aa82c3cac117726e576f353bbe7d1bfc56b744c089e6",1787246033229]