[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":91},["ShallowReactive",2],{"cheatsheet-classification-of-matter":3},{"sheet":4},{"sheetSlug":5,"topicSlugs":6,"primaryTopic":7,"title":8,"subtitle":9,"sections":10},"classification-of-matter",[5],2,"Classification of Matter","Pure substances, mixtures, states of matter, and physical vs chemical properties.",[11,28,36,44,52,60,68,76,84],{"heading":12,"kind":13,"items":14},"Pure substances","rules",[15,23],{"ref":16,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":21,"source_hash":22},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":18,"field":17},"rule","MAT-R001","transform","original","A pure substance has constant composition. Element = one type of atom; compound = 2+ elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.","d0769f274f45266eb2fcb05cc9212cba0042330541051c4f6532fda419e93f7f",{"ref":24,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":26,"source_hash":27},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":25,"field":17},"MAT-R004","Diatomic molecules (O₂, N₂, H₂) are still elements: all atoms are the same type. A compound contains more than one element.","f349544060c9acdeb702f124fd12094641408d8f05d5aa6b9d6826c410a75f60",{"heading":29,"kind":13,"items":30},"Mixtures",[31],{"ref":32,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":34,"source_hash":35},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":33,"field":17},"MAT-R002","A mixture is a physical combination, separable by physical means. Homogeneous = uniform composition; heterogeneous = distinct regions/phases. Some colloids look uniform but are heterogeneous.","f7695959b4870918295d929e85115be7f76776191689643419e457907993028b",{"heading":37,"kind":13,"items":38},"Classify these",[39],{"ref":40,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":42,"source_hash":43},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":41,"field":17},"MAT-R003","Stainless steel (a uniform alloy) = homogeneous. Sparkling water with visible CO₂ bubbles = heterogeneous (liquid + gas phases). Milk (a colloid) = heterogeneous, though it looks uniform.","5942c957fdf66e9d61540ecf4800c083743c6bc70e83d6020a9a45b5600f72e4",{"heading":45,"kind":13,"items":46},"States of matter",[47],{"ref":48,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":50,"source_hash":51},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":49,"field":17},"MAT-R005","Solid: definite shape and volume. Liquid: definite volume, takes the container's shape. Gas: takes the container's shape and volume, readily compressible. All states have mass.","51f84ccee82e01cafd97fad7dac47f6059a56e82adef4282517f660fd9e062cb",{"heading":53,"kind":13,"items":54},"The only liquid elements (25 °C, 1 atm)",[55],{"ref":56,"mode":58,"provenance":20,"text":59},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":57,"field":17},"MAT-R006","verbatim","At 25 °C and 1 atm, mercury (Hg) and bromine (Br₂) are the only elements that are liquids.",{"heading":61,"kind":13,"items":62},"Physical vs chemical",[63],{"ref":64,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":66,"source_hash":67},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":65,"field":17},"MAT-R011","Physical change/property: observed without making a new substance (melting, freezing, dissolving, dilution, color, temperature). Chemical: forms new substances (combustion, rusting, acidity, caloric content).","263ec63f08d30872c02c3102b9a9640347e51404b4b88b862bd908ce2b13c68f",{"heading":69,"kind":13,"items":70},"Extensive vs intensive",[71],{"ref":72,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":74,"source_hash":75},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":73,"field":17},"MAT-R009","Extensive: scales with amount and is additive (mass, volume, amount of substance, internal energy). Intensive: independent of amount (temperature, color, density, boiling point, melting point).","22968969aad12deb83b568b9e13e00cc50a52dcc26c427f7db22a012c8efbb03",{"heading":77,"kind":13,"items":78},"Solubility is intensive",[79],{"ref":80,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":82,"source_hash":83},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":81,"field":17},"MAT-R010b","Solubility is intensive: stated per a specified amount of solvent/solution at set conditions, so it doesn't change with sample size. Don't confuse it with the total amount that dissolves (which depends on how much solvent there is).","01fe00988d82c5ae801f3fca0771bc05b124f57095e27ee337431fb026e2e959",{"heading":85,"kind":13,"items":86},"Mass vs weight",[87],{"ref":88,"mode":58,"provenance":20,"text":90},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":89,"field":17},"MAT-R010","Weight (not mass) changes with location because weight = mass × local gravitational acceleration. Mass is a fixed quantity independent of location.",1787246033434]