[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":100},["ShallowReactive",2],{"cheatsheet-chemical-reactions-in-solution":3},{"sheet":4},{"sheetSlug":5,"topicSlugs":6,"primaryTopic":7,"title":8,"subtitle":9,"sections":10},"chemical-reactions-in-solution",[5],6,"Chemical Reactions in Solution","Solubility rules, electrolytes, dissociation, ionic equations, and the aqueous reaction types.",[11,23,32,45,59,67,75,83,91],{"heading":12,"kind":13,"items":14},"Solubility rules","data",[15],{"ref":16,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":21,"source_hash":22},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":18,"field":17},"rule","CRS-R001","transform","original","Soluble: Group 1 & NH₄⁺ salts; NO₃⁻, acetate, ClO₃⁻, ClO₄⁻; most Cl⁻/Br⁻/I⁻ (except Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺); most SO₄²⁻ (except Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺, Pb²⁺, often Ca²⁺). Insoluble: carbonates, phosphates, chromates, sulfides, most hydroxides, except with Group 1 / NH₄⁺ (Ba(OH)₂ is the common soluble exception).","50c6e7b4cd5685b1d9c343cde665fb864363ad8f99b7f72d82fa95a003ec50ab",{"heading":24,"kind":25,"items":26},"Electrolyte classes","rules",[27],{"ref":28,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":30,"source_hash":31},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":29,"field":17},"CRS-R002","Strong: soluble ionic salts, strong acids, strong bases (fully ionize). Weak: weak acids/bases (partial). Nonelectrolyte: molecular substances that don't ionize.","6cdd44c82424281f6904c0eca9104e16076fc2a7829b00b6b81d7b8a1b19f787",{"heading":33,"kind":25,"items":34},"Writing dissociation",[35,40],{"ref":36,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":38,"source_hash":39},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":37,"field":17},"CRS-R003","Acids release H⁺: strong acids use a single arrow, weak acids an equilibrium arrow; polyprotic acids dissociate one proton at a time.","86ae4b94470ac79c3cbef2f939a282a091efce82cd006b26108b8970c6467840",{"ref":41,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":43,"source_hash":44},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":42,"field":17},"CRS-R005","Salts split into cation + anion in stoichiometric ratio; polyatomic ions stay intact and Hg(I) is Hg₂²⁺. Insoluble salts do not dissociate.","4c0ca776b36df58f0ffa3b1611f140eeff129eee3e8097757838135093a01743",{"heading":46,"kind":47,"items":48},"Molecular → ionic → net ionic","steps",[49,54],{"ref":50,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":52,"source_hash":53},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":51,"field":17},"CRS-R006","Molecular: intact formulas. Complete ionic: split ONLY soluble strong electrolytes; keep solids, liquids, gases, weak electrolytes, and covalent species intact.","6bc0f3da10ecd5f462357125ce6bf0cb57ef7f7128756f722b606c3520b7dfc8",{"ref":55,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":57,"source_hash":58},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":56,"field":17},"CRS-R007","Net ionic: cancel spectator ions (unchanged on both sides); show only species that actually change.","ab7c377f093777cc93cf62faa884668de9031e0970b5189434945464b4a26dc5",{"heading":60,"kind":25,"items":61},"Precipitation",[62],{"ref":63,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":65,"source_hash":66},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":64,"field":17},"CRS-R008","Exchange the ions of two aqueous reactants; if a candidate product is insoluble by the rules, write it as a solid precipitate.","9f122459bc1e1a16cc4b7c7ff2d0b0dc80498cff3bcefd47136c8679487c7648",{"heading":68,"kind":25,"items":69},"Acid-base neutralization",[70],{"ref":71,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":73,"source_hash":74},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":72,"field":17},"CRS-R009","Strong acid + strong base net ionic: H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O. The driving force is water formation.","fb50553cc9356f7993c725618c7c3990b7bf202e5df4fc32a9963e221c94b5a3",{"heading":76,"kind":25,"items":77},"Gas-forming reactions",[78],{"ref":79,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":81,"source_hash":82},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":80,"field":17},"CRS-R010","Carbonate/bicarbonate + acid → CO₂ + H₂O (via H₂CO₃). Sulfite/bisulfite + acid → SO₂ + H₂O (via H₂SO₃). Ammonium salt + strong base → NH₃ + H₂O.","3b18bcc06a6e20355440e17cb1a9a79e4c849f58ec38eb085886d93607febee0",{"heading":84,"kind":25,"items":85},"Aqueous reaction types",[86],{"ref":87,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":89,"source_hash":90},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":88,"field":17},"CRS-R011","Precipitation, acid-base, gas-forming, redox (recognition only here; oxidation numbers are Topic 7), or no reaction.","d5ec2e3757c68811b3e33642f2de2967b42bc1e32145bae358bd95ab3e0e421c",{"heading":92,"kind":93,"items":94},"When to write 'no reaction'","pitfalls",[95],{"ref":96,"mode":19,"provenance":20,"text":98,"source_hash":99},{"type":17,"topic":7,"id":97,"field":17},"CRS-R012","If all possible products stay soluble strong electrolytes and no gas, precipitate, water, or weak electrolyte forms, it is no reaction.","15003b3edfd926662297427f193dfacafb6b3ca156d6022a330e7fcdc259bfe1",1787246033428]